A having taken lessons b, having taken lessons c, having taken lessons, d having taken lessons. A nonrestrictive clause offers extra information about something you have mentioned in a sentence, but the information isnt essential to identify the thing youre talking about. Restrictive and nonrestrictive participial phrases english grammar. Place an n above all non restrictive participial phrases and a r above all restrictive participial phrases, and correct any errors in punctuation. Boiling rapidly in the kettle on the back burner the hot water gave off clouds of steam. Worksheets are restrictive and non restrictive adjective clauses, nonrestrictive and restrictive words phrases and clauses, when you have nonrestrictive nonessential, restrictionnonrestriction aka essentialnonessential, appositives restrictive and non restrictive what is an, grammar check restrictive and. A relative clause connects ideas by using pronouns that relate to something previously mentioned and allows the writer to combine two independent clauses into one sentence. Whoever told you the and takes the place of the comma was wrong the oxford comma the style recommended by oxford university press and chicago manual of style is the last comma in a series, the comma before the final and or or. Well postpone these juicy topics to the section on pronouns and to the ebook developing a powerful writing style where we learn about the use of clauses and phrases. Nonrestrictive appositives are set off with commas.
This is a clause that generally modifies a noun or a noun phrase and is often introduced by a relative pronoun which, that, who, whom, whose. Terms in this set 11 the boys are students who attend washington elementary. They dont even want to know what the distinction between a restrictive and a non restrictive clause might be. Sometimes the referent of the noun is already identified, so a modifier isnt necessary. In the books which are on the table are mine, which are on the table is a restrictive relative clause. This page has lots of examples of restrictive and non restrictive clauses and an interactive test. Write r on the line if the sentence contains a restrictive clause and nr. Restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses advanced english. Each contains a definition, examples, and sentences for practice. Rita is already a very specific, defined proper noun. Parenthetical nonessential information restrictive and.
Pdf a study on the function of the english participial phrases. Advanced english grammar for esl learners 2011 12 restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses this chapter deals with two topics. Our lessons offer detailed explanations along with exercises to test your knowledge. A restrictive clause introduces information that is necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Commas with nonessential clauses and phrases use commas to set off nonessential subordinate clauses and nonessential participial phrases. Nonrestrictive and restrictive words, phrases and clauses. Nonrestrictive words, phrases and clauses serve to add extra detail to a sentence. Dashing to the front door, enrique dropped the pizza. So now were back to restrictive versus nonrestrictive. The relative pronoun that is used in restrictive clauses only. Participial phrases are short phrases that appear at the beginning of a sentence or the end of the sentence. Appositive phrase non restrictive when the information an appositive gives about a noun is not essential, we use commas. These are phrases that modify a whole clause or sentence, not just one word. Grammar check restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses part a.
Dont panic if you dont know the differences between restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses. Restrictive and nonrestrictive in grammar, a restrictive clause, word, or phrase provides crucial clarifying information about a previously named element. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Restrictive clauses limit or identify such nouns and cannot be removed from a sentence without changing the sentences meaning. Adjective clauses can also be called relative clauses. They consist of a noun or noun equivalent usually followed by a participial phrase. Learn what else they are and how to use participial phrases. Therefore, this appositive is restrictive and has no commas. When dependent clauses, prepositional phrases, and nonfinite verb phrases function as modifiers, we need to know whether they are restrictive or non restrictive. You must decide if the information is essential or not. Study 11 terms restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses. But avoid asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses and phrases when you have nonrestrictive nonessential elements in a sentence, set them off with commas. A nonrestrictive clause can be removed without changing the meaning.
A restrictive clause modifies the noun that precedes it in an essential way. Having been trained for 2 years, he has become very skilful in the trade. Restrictive and nonrestrictive appositives english grammar. Page 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses. Identify the underlined participial phrase as restrictive or nonrestrictive. The non restrictive clause merely gives the reader extra information.
The verb in an adjective clause agrees in number with its antecedent. A nonrestrictive clause or phrase adds information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Restrictive nonrestrictive also called nonessential elements of a sentence are not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. The participial phrase contains a participle and the other words in the phrase. It shows that the action is done to the subject, not by the subject. A relative clause is also known as an adjective clause. Such modifiers are called nonrestrictive modifiers.
Relative, restrictive, and nonrestrictive clauses grammar. Nonrestrictive definition of nonrestrictive by merriam. Drag and drop the restrictive participial phrase into the box to complete the sentence. If you were to remove the nonrestrictive word, phrase or clause, the sentence would still have the same meaning. A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. Name the phrases that can usually in their nonrestrictive form, at least be removed from a sentence without making the sentence ungrammatical. However once you get used to the vocabulary, talking about and understanding grammar becomes easier. Placing the subject at the beginning of the participle clause.
This measure is used in restrictive relative clauses only as an alternative to voicing that, which or who, whom, etc. Comma usage of non restrictive and restrictive clauses containing that and which. The other relative pronouns and adverbs can be used in both restrictive and nomestrictive clauses. Phil, wondering at his wifes sudden good fortune started reading his own horoscope. A restrictive appositive noun or phrase is necessary to the meaning of. An appositive noun or phrase is restrictive also called essential if it narrows down the word it modifies. Drag and drop the restrictive participial phrase into the. Restrictive and nonrestrictive modifiers grammar once. It tells which one of the noun you are writing about. Restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses exercise. Martha kolln not all participial phrases are restrictive. A nonrestrictive clause, on the other hand, describes a noun in a nonessential way.
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective in the sentence. In the loyal apposition i offer guidelines for determining whether an appositive is. Nonrestrictive, restrictive, participle, and appositive. Nonrestrictive definition of nonrestrictive by lexico. When a relative clause merely gives some additional information about the noun, it is called a nonde. Those two birds, which appear most mornings by the feeder, are cardinals. Note that a restrictive relative clause cannot be left out without affecting the meaning of the sentence. Displaying all worksheets related to nonrestrictive. Nonrestrictive clauses are usually introduced by which or who and should be set off by commas. Restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas, while nonrestrictive relative clauses are. A nonrestrictive present participial phrase contains nonessential information and is set off by a comma or commas. Separate them from the main clause of the sentence with a comma unless theyre. A restrictive modifying clause or essential clause is an adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of a sentence because it limits the thing it refers to.
Included in this common core aligned file are multiple pages of board notes usable with overheads or transferable to smartprom boards one each for restrictive elements, nonrestrictive, and appositives. Annotating and predicting nonrestrictive noun phrase. In such cases, the purpose of the modifier is simply to comment on or to add information about the noun, not to define it. If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, use a commaunless the phrase is restrictive 3. In this case, refer to the rules for restrictive and non restrictive. They begin with relative pronouns or a relative adverb. As for the books, the chicago manual of style is always a good one. If you dont know about these clauses, please read about them in the given link and then attempt the restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses exercise given below.
The result is a non restrictive relative clause in which the relative pronoun whom is buried inside a recursivelyembedded participial supplement. These participial phrases should always be set off from the main clause with a comma. A nonessential or nonrestrictive subordinate clause or participial phrase contains information that is not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence. Looking for justin is a gerund participial clause functioning as an adjunct a modifier in clause structure. Sleeman states that only postmodifying participial phrases can correspond to full. By employing verbalswords derived from a verbalong with other grammatical elements, an author can craft clauses that function as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. Freds biology teacher, ted jones, served in the navy. A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier s andor pronouns or noun phrases that function as the direct objects.
A clause is a group of words consisting of a noun and a verb which may or may not be a complete sentence. A restrictive clause also called a defining clause is essential for meaning and is not offset with commas. Imagine that you could lift the non restrictive clause out of the sentence, using the commas as handles, and the sentence could still function. Annotating and predicting non restrictive noun phrase modi. As a general rule, the pronoun that should be used for restrictive relative clauses, and which should be used for nonrestrictive relative clauses. Nonrestrictive appositives if an appositive is unnecessary to understand the identity of the noun or noun phrase it is identifying, it is nonrestrictive. Definition and examples of nonrestrictive elements in grammar.
Nonrestrictive clauses depending on the information contained within a clause, it can be either restrictive or nonrestrictive essential or nonessential. Learn more about restrictive and nonrestrictive participial phrases. Start studying parenthetical nonessential information restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses. Restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses this book is designed to help. Note that a restrictive relative clause cannot be left out without a. A modifying clause can be either restrictive or nonrestrictive. We have already talked about restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses. If there is more than one little boy in the room, more. Non restrictive clauses unfamiliar and complexsounding grammatical terms can often intimidate people. If youre writing a nonfiction book, you need a tightlaced style. When a relative clause merely gives some additional information about the noun, it is called a nondefining or non restrictive relative clause. A restrictive clause is a clause that identifies the word it modifies.
288 88 117 880 539 443 923 1380 809 715 3 668 699 1284 1058 649 337 429 402 1085 1122 87 691 1239 360 697 1001 1443 1000 899